Child and dentist brushing teeth
child protection and the dental team
Introduction - why you need to know Abuse and Neglect - what you need to know Child Protection - responding Safeguarding children - in dental practice
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1. Department of Health, Home Office, Department for Education and Employment. Working Together to Safeguard Children. London: The Stationery Office, 1999. www.dh.gov.uk/PublicationsAndStatistics (Please note that a new version of this document, published in April 2006, is available at www.everychildmatters.gov.uk. The definitions we have used for ‘categories of abuse’ are as in the draft for public consultation, viewed online 26 September 2005)

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2. General Dental Council. Standards Guidance: Standards for Dental Professionals. London: General Dental Council, 2005. www.gdc-uk.org

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3. Mouden LD. Child abuse and neglect: the dental assistant’s role in prevention. Dent Assist 2000; 30-37.

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4. The Victoria Climbié Inquiry Report. London: The Stationery Office, 2003, publication no. CM 5730. www.victoria-climbie-inquiry.org.uk

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5. Welbury RR, Macaskill SG, Murphy JM, Evans DJ, Weightmen KE, Jackson MC, Crawford MA. General dental practitioners’ perception of their role within child protection: a qualitative study. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2003; 2: 89-95.

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6. The Bichard Inquiry Report. London: The Stationery Office, 2004, HC653. www.bichardinquiry.org.uk/report

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7. Department for Education and Skills. Every child matters: summary. Department for Education and Skills, 2003, publication ref. DfES/0672/2003. www.everychildmatters.gov.uk

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8. Children Act 2004. London: The Stationery Office, 2004.

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9. Department for Education and Skills. Every child matters: change for children. Department for Education and Skills, 2004, publication ref. DfES/1081/2004. www.everychildmatters.gov.uk

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10. Department of Health. Primary Care Version, National Service Framework for Children, Young People and Maternity Services. London: Department of Health, 2004, document no. 40620. www.dh.gov.uk/PublicationsAndStatistics

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11. United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Geneva, Switzerland: Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, 1989. www.ohchr.org/english/law/crc.htm

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12. Department for Education and Skills. Common Assessment Framework. London: Department for Education and Skills, 2005. www.everychildmatters.gov.uk

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13. Department for Education and Skills. Statistics of Education: Referrals, Assessments and Children and Young People on Child Protection Registers: Year Ending 31 March 2004. London: The Stationery Office, 2005. www.dfes.gov.uk

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14. Becker DB, Needleman HL, Kotelchuck M. Child abuse and dentistry; orofacial trauma and its recognition by dentists. J Am Dent Assoc 1978; 97: 24–28.

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15. Da Fonseca MA, Feigal RJ, ten Bensel RW. Dental aspects of 1248 cases of child maltreatment on file at a major county hospital. Pediatr Dent 1992; 14: 152-157.

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16. Jessee SA. Physical manifestations of child abuse to the head, face and mouth: a hospital survey. ASDC J Dent Child 1995; 62: 245-249.

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17. Cairns AM, Mok JYQ, Welbury RR. Injuries to the head, face, mouth and neck in physically abused children in a community setting. Int J Paediatr Dent 2005; 15: 310-318.

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18. Maguire S, Mann MK, Sibert J, Kemp A. Are there patterns of bruising in childhood which are diagnostic or suggestive of abuse? A systematic review. Arch Dis Child 2005; 90: 182-186. (see also www.core-info.cf.ac.uk)

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19. Maguire S, Mann MK, Sibert J, Kemp A. Can you age bruises accurately in children? A systematic review. Arch Dis Child 2005; 90: 187-189. (see also www.core-info.cf.ac.uk)

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20. Sweet D, Pretty IA. A look at forensic dentistry - Part 2: Teeth as weapons of violence - identification of bite mark perpetrators. Br Dent J 2001; 190: 415-418.

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21. Hobbs CJ, Wynne JM. Physical signs of child abuse. A colour atlas. 2nd ed. London: WB Saunders, 2001.

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22. Hobbs CJ, Hanks HGI, Wynne JM. Child abuse and neglect. A clinician’s handbook. 2nd ed. London: Churchill Livingstone, 1998.

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23. Belsky J. Child maltreatment: an ecological integration. Am Psychol 1980; 35: 320-335.

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24. Miller D. Disabled children and abuse. NSPCC Information Briefings. NSPCC Inform 2002. www.nspcc.org.uk/inform

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25. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Definition of Dental Neglect. Pediatr Dent Reference Manual 2004-2005; 13.

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26. Department of Health. What To Do If You’re Worried A Child Is Being Abused: a flow chart for referral. London: Department of Health, 2003, publication no. 31981.

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27. Wynne J, Speight N. Response to “Who is failing abused and neglected children?” Arch Dis Child 2001; 85: 300-302.

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28. Department of Health. What To Do If You’re Worried A Child Is Being Abused: summary. London: Department of Health, 2003, publication no. 31815. www.dh.gov.uk/PublicationsAndStatistics

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29. Cairns AM, Mok JYQ, Welbury RR. The dental practitioner and child protection in Scotland. Br Dent J 2005; 199: 517-520.

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30. South Yorkshire Area Child Protection Committee. Area Child Protection Committee Procedure Manual. Section 5.2. Sheffield: South Yorkshire ACPC, 2001.

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31. Our Duty to Care: principles of good practice for the protection of children and young people. 3rd edition, SS1. Belfast: Volunteer Development Agency, 2000. www.volunteering-ni.org

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32. Department of Health. Good practice in consent implementation guide: consent to examination or treatment. Department of Health, 2001, document reference 25751. www.dh.gov.uk/PublicationsAndStatistics

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33. British Society of Disability and Oral Health. Principles on intervention for people unable to comply with routine dental care – a policy document. 2004. www.bsdh.org.uk/guidelines.html

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34. Sinha S, Acharya P, Jafar H, Bower E, Harrison V, Newton JT. The Management of Abuse: a resource manual for the dental team. pp 86-87. London: Stephen Hancocks Ltd., 2005. www.shancocksltd.com

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35. Harris JC, Townsend MC, Welbury RR. Guidelines for child protection for the dental team: Rotherham 2004. E-book, www.pgde-trent.co.uk

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36. Pitts NB, Pendlebury ME, Clarkson JE (Eds). Clinical Examination and Record-keeping. Good Practice Guidelines. London, Faculty of General Dental Practitioners (UK), 2001.

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37. Harris JC, Elcock C, Welbury RR. Personal communication.

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38. Cawson P, Wattam C, Brooker S, Kelly G. Child maltreatment in the United Kingdom: a study of the prevalence of child abuse and neglect. London: NSPCC, 2000.

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39. Whittaker DK, MacDonald DG. Bite marks in flesh. In Whittaker DK, MacDonald DG A colour atlas of forensic dentistry. p108. London: Wolfe Medical Publications Ltd, 1989.

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